Chinese consumers are lapping up new apps that deploy artificial intelligence (AI) while companies are jumping on the bandwagon with AI-powered products and services. But in China, like elsewhere, the focus now is shifting to how to monetise this novel and still imperfect technology.

China’s AI frenzy: beyond the hype (fidelity.be)

Miaoya or “fabulous duck” is not a dish you eat, but its developers are hoping it proves a recipe for profits all the same. The AI-powered app produced by Weixu Network Technology has gone viral in China by making it cheap and easy for users to generate stylised, AI-embellished photos of themselves dressed in office suits, high-school uniforms, or ancient costumes. Users need to first upload more than 20 photos to the app, and then queue virtually for a few hours to get the results. But the quality of the portraits is worth the time and effort, especially for the price: a one-time downloading fee of 9.9 renminbi ($1.40), whereas a comparable real-life studio photo shoot could cost upwards of 500 renminbi ($69). 

Chinese consumers may not have easy access to leading platforms like OpenAI’s ChatGPT, but that hasn’t stopped them from embracing AI. Firms including app makers, productivity software developers and self-driving car companies have all joined the fray by launching AI-powered products or services. But a fundamental question facing the AI sector in China and elsewhere is how these novel and still imperfect technologies can be monetised. It’s also a question weighing on the minds of Chinese investors, as the recent AI frenzy in the local stock market cools.

Smart solutions

China faces several challenges in the global AI race. Not least is the US ban on exports of the leading-edge semiconductors needed to power the fastest and most advanced AI solutions. The resulting supply chain bottlenecks will be a fixed hurdle for developing better foundation models (large language models, or LLMs, like OpenAI’s GPT). On the other hand, Chinese firms arguably have an edge over their foreign competitors when it comes to the massive amount of data they are able to access with comparative ease from consumers and other sources in China — although this could change if data privacy rules are tightened or consumers grow less willing to hand over their personal data. 

To see big data being put to work in China, consider autonomous vehicles. In the Beijing suburb of Yizhuang, a sprawling 60-square-kilometre area south of the city centre, a fleet of taxis operated by Baidu Inc picks up and drops off passengers just like a normal taxi ride. The main difference is that the human in the driver’s seat is not a driver, but a ‘safety supervisor’ who only touches the steering wheel when absolutely necessary. According to Baidu, which owns China’s largest internet search engine, its robo-taxi service has offered more than 3.3 million rides in China. And now the service is in the midst of a technological upgrade: the tech giant has recently started deploying fully autonomous taxis – with no human staff inside – in four cities including Beijing. 

A new gold rush?

Dazzling applications aside, AI developers need to eventually turn a profit to grow a sustainable industry. While there are many differences between the global AI rush in 2023 and the California gold rush in 1848, one thing is similar: selling “picks and shovels” is the surest way to make money. Hardware is the prerequisite to building and deploying AI applications. For now, hardware makers offer the most visibility in how to turn AI-related demand into profits. Although mainland China’s graphic processing units (GPUs) still can’t compete with those from overseas suppliers, manufacturers of servers and printed circuit boards (PCBs) may see increasing demand driven by the shift to AI solutions. At the infrastructure layer, the growing need for training and running LLMs will benefit hyper-scalers, or firms that provide large-scale data centres or cloud servers where these exponentially growing calculations will take place. 

The road ahead

Governments will also have a big say in how quickly AI rolls out. So far Chinese policymakers have generally been supportive of the AI boom boosting economic productivity. The government recently introduced regulations on generative AI, becoming one of the first countries in the world to regulate the nascent technology. While the rules require AI service providers to follow “core socialist values,” register their algorithms with the government, and protect users’ personal information, they are in general less strict than some expected. But there are still questions over how the authorities will regulate the sector as it matures and develops. 

Finally, compared with hardware, the monetisation path for software companies is less clear. In market segments facing intense competition, like consumer apps, copycats will put downward pressure on profit margins for innovators who shoulder huge computing costs. Chinese consumers may be less willing to pay up for software solutions than their counterparts in the US or other markets. Despite these risks, we believe China’s AI consumer apps may be better placed to monetise than enterprise apps, given the size and ease of access to the consumer base, and how accustomed people are to adopting new digital solutions. There will of course be unique setbacks along AI’s development path in China, but these are a feature not a bug of innovation. 

China’s AI frenzy: beyond the hype (fidelity.be)

Important Information

This document is for Investment Professionals only and should not be relied on by private investors.

This document is provided for information purposes only and is intended only for the person or entity to which it is sent. It must not be reproduced or circulated to any other party without prior permission of Fidelity.

This document does not constitute a distribution, an offer or solicitation to engage the investment management services of Fidelity, or an offer to buy or sell or the solicitation of any offer to buy or sell any securities in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or offer is not authorised or would be contrary to local laws or regulations. Fidelity makes no representations that the contents are appropriate for use in all locations or that the transactions or services discussed are available or appropriate for sale or use in all jurisdictions or countries or by all investors or counterparties.

This communication is not directed at, and must not be acted on by persons inside the United States and is otherwise only directed at persons residing in jurisdictions where the relevant funds are authorised for distribution or where no such authorisation is required. In China, Fidelity China refers to FIL Fund Management (China) Company Limited. Investment involves risks. Business separation mechanism is conducted between Fidelity China and the shareholders. The shareholders do not directly participate in investment and operation of fund property. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results, nor the guarantee for the performance of the portfolio managed by Fidelity China. All persons and entities accessing the information do so on their own initiative and are responsible for compliance with applicable local laws and regulations and should consult their professional advisers.

Reference in this document to specific securities should not be interpreted as a recommendation to buy or sell these securities, but is included for the purposes of illustration only. Investors should also note that the views expressed may no longer be current and may have already been acted upon by Fidelity. The research and analysis used in this documentation is gathered by Fidelity for its use as an investment manager and may have already been acted upon for its own purposes. This material was created by Fidelity International.

Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results.

This document may contain materials from third-parties which are supplied by companies that are not affiliated with any Fidelity entity (Third-Party Content). Fidelity has not been involved in the preparation, adoption or editing of such third-party materials and does not explicitly or implicitly endorse or approve such content.

Fidelity International refers to the group of companies which form the global investment management organization that provides products and services in designated jurisdictions outside of North America Fidelity, Fidelity International, the Fidelity International logo and F symbol are trademarks of FIL Limited. Fidelity only offers information on products and services and does not provide investment advice based on individual circumstances.

Issued in Europe: Issued by FIL Investments International (FCA registered number 122170) a firm authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, FIL (Luxembourg) S.A., authorised and supervised by the CSSF (Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier) and FIL Investment Switzerland AG. For German wholesale clients issued by FIL Investment Services GmbH, Kastanienhöhe 1, 61476 Kronberg im Taunus. For German Institutional clients issued by FIL (Luxembourg) S.A., 2a, rue Albert Borschette BP 2174 L-1021 Luxembourg.

Issued in France by FIL Gestion (authorised and supervised by the AMF, Autorité des Marchés Financiers) N°GP03-004, 21 Avenue Kléber, 75016 Paris. 

In Hong Kong, this document is issued by FIL Investment Management (Hong Kong) Limited and it has not been reviewed by the Securities and Future Commission. FIL Investment Management (Singapore) Limited (Co. Reg. No: 199006300E) is the legal representative of Fidelity International in Singapore. FIL Asset Management (Korea) Limited is the legal representative of Fidelity International in Korea. In Taiwan, Independently operated by FIL Securities (Taiwan ) Limited, 11F, 68 Zhongxiao East Road., Section 5, Xinyi Dist., Taipei City, Taiwan 11065, R.O.C Customer Service Number: 0800-00-9911#2 .

Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand: For information purposes only. Neither FIL Limited nor any member within the Fidelity Group is licensed to carry out fund management activities in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines.

Issued in Australia by Fidelity Responsible Entity (Australia) Limited ABN 33 148 059 009, AFSL No. 409340 (“Fidelity Australia”). This material has not been prepared specifically for Australian investors and may contain information which is not prepared in accordance with Australian law.

ED23-218